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FAQ
All Your Fort McMurray Eye Care Questions Answered
Dedicated to educating our patients so they can make better-informed choices when it comes to their eye care in Fort McMurray, Eye Image Optometrists encourages you to visit us for annual eye exams and check-ups. We’ve also taken the time to assemble a list of our most frequently asked questions and their answers for your convenience. Feel free to contact us with any follow-up questions you may have prior to scheduling your next appointment with us.
Eyeglasses FAQ
A. Yes. The following is a list of the insurance providers we work with.
BPA – Benefit Plan Administrators
Canada Life
Canadian Construction Workers Union
Chamber of Commerce Group Insurance
CINUP
ClaimSecure
Cowan
D.A. Townley
Desjardins Insurance
First Canadian
GMS Carrier 49
GMS Carrier 50
GroupHEALTH
GroupSource
Industrial Alliance
Johnson Inc.
Johnston Group Inc.
LiUNA Local 183
LiUNA Local 506
Manion
Manulife Financial
Maximum Benefit
People Corporation
RWAM Insurance Administrators
Sun Life Financial
TELUS AdjudiCare
Union Benefits
Greenshield Canada
SSQ
Empire Life
Manitoba Blue Cross
Medavie Blue Cross
NIHB
A. If metal frames cause a reaction, nickel is the culprit. Most metal frames are made of a nickel alloy. Other metals used include aluminum, stainless steel, titanium, zinc, copper, beryllium, gold and silver. Stainless, titanium, gold and silver are usually hypoallergenic.
Some people can also be allergic to the nose pads on metal frames. Most are made of silicone or acetate, but they can also be made out of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), nickel, titanium or rubber. Silicone is tricky. Certain silicones are hypoallergenic (such as medical silicone), but others can trigger allergic reactions. Both PVC and titanium are usually hypoallergenic. Most plastic eyeglass frames are made of zyl (also called zylonite, acetate and cellulose acetate) or propionate. Other materials used in plastic frames include polyamide, nylon, polycarbonate, carbon and Optyl (a brand of epoxy resin). Propionate, polyamide, nylon and Optyl frames are all considered hypoallergenic.
A. Regular eye exams are important to catch "silent" diseases such as diabetes, glaucoma and other conditions in their early stages when they're more easily managed or treated. Many conditions can be discovered in a carefully planned eye exam. Those who consider mass-produced, over-the-counter reading glasses are truly doing themselves a disservice, both financially and medically. One-size-fits-all reading glasses not only do not work well for most people who have a different prescription in each eye, and/or astigmatism, or whose lens and frame parameters are not measured correctly, they bypass the opportunity to have their eyes checked for early detection of many manageable diseases or conditions. For those insisting on selecting glasses not measured specifically for their eyes, headaches and eye fatigue are common symptoms.
A. A common use of bifocals is for the treatment of presbyopia in individuals aged 40 and over. Whether or not a person has needed vision correction when younger, by the early to mid-forties, the ability to accommodate or focus the eyes has diminished.
Bifocals allow the wearer to see clearly both at a distance and near despite the reduced focusing ability. Bifocals may also be used to help align the eyes if a person tends to over-cross his or her eyes at near. If you are over 40 or have any difficulty performing tasks at near, ask us whether bifocals or progressive lenses could be right for you.
A.There can be many causes for this condition. However, many times this problem can be alleviated, or even dismissed, with the use of "AR" (Anti Reflective) Lenses. First and foremost, however, annual or semi-annual eye exams are the ONLY avenue to your eye health and the ONLY resource to ascertain the correct reason or cause for any eye ailment! That being said and once any medical or physical condition is removed as a possibility of cause, then the perfect solution for glare on computer screens or glare from night driving would be AR (Anti Reflective) Lenses.
A.We are fortunate to be staffed with fashion experts. Not only will they assist you in your desire to get the "look" that is flattering to your features and taste, but they will ensure that your new fashionable eyewear will function nicely with your needs and lifestyle as well. This is easier said than done. That is why we have a very knowledgeable staff dedicated specifically with you in mind.
A.This is a personal concern that can address many issues. You should change your eyeglasses when you feel that your existing eyeglasses no longer are supporting your needs, lifestyle or taste. In any case, a visit to your doctor should not only be considered when you feel it is time for new glasses. You should visit your eye doctor at least once every year, unless otherwise instructed by your eye care provider.
A.Transitions Lenses are a popular plastic lens. When they're exposed to ultraviolet light, they become darker or change to a different colour. However, most brands are not as effective in a car or in any vehicle with the "blue or gray stripe" on a windshield. Because of the ultraviolet-blocking nature of the windshields, lenses will remain pretty light when you're driving. The ultimate sunglass experience can be enjoyed with "Polarized" Lenses, as these lenses offer protection and comfort to the eye so strain and fatigue can become a thing of the past. Transitions are a registered trademark of Transitions Optical, Inc.
A.We cannot stress this enough...YES! You know how the sun's UV rays can harm your skin-wrinkles; premature aging and skin cancer are some of the dangers of unprotected sun exposure. The same rays that age and damage your skin can and will hurt your eyes as well. Strong sunlight and artificial light from sources like welding arcs or tanning lamps can burn the surface of the eye, much like a sunburn on the skin.
Reflected sunlight (from the water, for example) is particularly dangerous. There is also evidence that exposure to UV light can contribute to the development of eye diseases that commonly occur as we age, such as cataract and macular degeneration.
Visible Light
Visible light is the part of the sun's energy that you can see. It is made up of a spectrum of colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet. The eye is not equally sensitive to all of these colors. It is known to be most sensitive to yellows and greens which it can see the best. The eye is less sensitive to reds and blues. Different Ultraviolet Rays Ultraviolet rays have shorter wavelengths and more energy than visible light rays. They can have a harmful effect on the eyes immediately or cumulatively from regular exposure over a number of years. The industry has set standards for how much UV may be transmitted (passed) by types of sunglasses. Ultraviolet (UV) rays are strongest at high altitudes, low latitudes, and in open or reflective environments (like sand, snow, or water). They are also strongest at midday. Scientists divide UV rays into three bands according to wavelength: UVA, UVB, and UVC.
UVA-Short Wave
UVA rays have been shown to penetrate the under layers of the skin, causing damage and contributing to the skin's aging and cataracts. Therefore, it is certainly wise to require protection from them in sunglasses.
UVB-Long Wave
UVB rays, the sunburn rays, are the ones that cause the most concern. They can cause keratitis, which is similar to sunburn on the eye, and also have been linked to the development of cataracts.
UVC
UVC rays are the shortest, the most energetic, and may be the most harmful. Fortunately, they are blocked in the upper atmosphere and never reach the earth. If sunglasses protect against UVB, we can assume they protect against any possible exposure to UVC.
A.Your prescription, your personal measurements, and the size of your frame are the three key factors that will determine final lens thickness. If you are farsighted your lenses will be thicker at their center, in contrast, if you are nearsighted your lenses will be thicker at their edges. New innovative technology in lens design and materials has allowed us to reduce overall lens thickness by as much as 60% in many cases. Our staff will guide you towards the possible results in helping you choose the best frame-lens combination for your ocular and fashion needs.
A.Absolutely! Newer, thinner lens materials are being developed all the time, and we pride ourselves in constantly being up-to-date with the latest developments and materials in the optical community. This, along with the proper grinding and appropriate frame selection could make your new fashion eyeglasses distinctly thinner. Ask one of our doctors or staff about the recent innovations in lenses today.
A.Yes. Progressive lenses will allow you to use smaller frames while maintaining terrific vision at all distances. The visual channel that progresses from distance vision to near vision is wider, and more accurate for that 'Tween' vision necessary for clarity in the area too far for close, and to close for far. It is a wonderful lens for desktop and computer use as well. Please note, that in a few of the especially small frames, not all frames can be a successful candidate for a progressive lens. With this in mind, our opticians will help you with a proper fit.
A.If your eyes are subjected to intense glare during the day, they will "defend themselves" by trying to adapt. This natural built-in defense mechanism will persist for several hours after the glare is removed, resulting in reduced vision. Studies show that night vision can be reduced by as much as 50% by this exposure. Wearing sunglasses during the day dramatically improves night vision.
A.Plastic lenses do not protect your eyes. You need to have UV protection from UV rays, which are not inherent in a plastic lens. You can have a UV protective coating applied to a plastic lens, but polycarbonate lenses have built-in UV protection. Glass lenses protect your eyes from harmful UVB rays but not from UVA. Some experts think UVA rays might have long-term, damaging effects to your eyes and skin.
A.An eyeglass prescription is written in a standardized format so it can be understood globally. The right eye is generally referred to as "OD" or "R," while the left eye is generally referred to as "OS" or "L." The right eye is almost always on top in a written prescription with the left directly below. Ignoring for sample sake, the right or left eye, let's look at a example below: -2.00 -1.00 x 90. The first number (-2.00) tells us the spherical refractive diopter (a unit of measurement) needed to correct (farsightedness or nearsightedness). In this example, a minus sign in front of the number indicates a correction for nearsightedness. A plus sign would indicate a correction for farsightedness. This is generally true when you are talking about the first set of numbers. The plus and minus signs on the second number generally indicates what professional examined your eyes. An optometrist usually refracts in what's referred to as "Minus Cylinder," while an ophthalmologist’s refracts in "Plus Cylinder". For example, an optometrist’s script would be -2.00 -1.00 x 90, while the same prescription written by ophthalmologists would be; -3.00 +1.00 x 180. Please note that the second number has a plus sign, and the last number (180, the Axis) has been transposed 90 degrees. The second number (-1.00) is for astigmatism. If there is no astigmatism correction needed you would not see the third (180) number. Sometimes you might see the following; SPH written for a cylinder correction instead of a number and nothing written for the third number. SPH stands for "Sphere" which indicates that there is no astigmatism correction needed. The final number (180, the Axis line) is the direction of the astigmatism. Astigmatism can be measured in any direction around the clock. We use the numbers from 001 to 180 to indicate the orientation of the correction needed. Depending on your need, there may be additional numbers in a eyeglasses prescription as well. If your prescription has a set of numbers, or a single number with a symbol such as a triangle, or the letters " BI, BO, BU, or BD that would indicate a prism correction. BI = Base In, BO = Base Out, BU = Base Up, and BD = Base Down. It is not uncommon to have different base directions for either eye. Also, you will see "ADD" numbers for those requiring bifocals or reading glasses. The ADD number is exactly what it indicates...; an ADD, or an additional script to an otherwise already existing prescription. For example, your prescription is -2.00 for the first number. (In this example there is no astigmatism). For the "ADD" number you have a +3.00.This would indicate that by 'Adding" the +3.00 to the -2.00, your reading prescription would be +1.00 (adding a greater positive number to a lesser negative number results in a positive answer).
-2.00 -1.00 x 90. The first number (-2.00) tells us the spherical refractive diopter (a unit of measurement) needed to correct (farsightedness or nearsightedness). In this example, a minus sign in front of the number indicates a correction for nearsightedness. A plus sign would indicate a correction for farsightedness. This is generally true when you are talking about the first set of numbers. The plus and minus signs on the second number generally indicates what professional examined your eyes. An optometrist usually refracts in what's referred to as "Minus Cylinder," while an ophthalmologist’s refracts in "Plus Cylinder". For example, an optometrist’s script would be -2.00 -1.00 x 90, while the same prescription written by ophthalmologists would be; -3.00 +1.00 x 180. Please note that the second number has a plus sign, and the last number (180, the Axis) has been transposed 90 degrees.
The second number (-1.00) is for astigmatism. If there is no astigmatism correction needed you would not see the third (180) number. Sometimes you might see the following; SPH written for a cylinder correction instead of a number and nothing written for the third number. SPH stands for "Sphere" which indicates that there is no astigmatism correction needed. The final number (180, the Axis line) is the direction of the astigmatism. Astigmatism can be measured in any direction around the clock. We use the numbers from 001 to 180 to indicate the orientation of the correction needed. Depending on your need, there may be additional numbers in a eyeglasses prescription as well. If your prescription has a set of numbers, or a single number with a symbol such as a triangle, or the letters " BI, BO, BU, or BD that would indicate a prism correction. BI = Base In, BO = Base Out, BU = Base Up, and BD = Base Down. It is not uncommon to have different base directions for either eye. Also, you will see "ADD" numbers for those requiring bifocals or reading glasses. The ADD number is exactly what it indicates...; an ADD, or an additional script to an otherwise already existing prescription. For example, your prescription is -2.00 for the first number. (In this example there is no astigmatism). For the "ADD " number you have a +3.00.This would indicate that by 'Adding" the +3.00 to the -2.00, your reading prescription would be +1.00 (adding a greater positive number to a lesser negative number results in a positive answer).
A.The light we see with our eyes is really a very small portion of what is called the "Electromagnetic Spectrum." The Electromagnetic Spectrum includes all types of radiation - from the X-rays used at hospitals, to radio waves used for communication, and even the microwaves you cook food with.
Radiation in the Electromagnetic Spectrum is often categorized by wavelength. Short wavelength radiation is of the highest energy and can be very dangerous - Gamma, X-rays and ultraviolet are examples of short wavelength radiation. Longer wavelength radiation is of lower energy and is usually less harmful - examples include radio, microwaves and infrared. A rainbow shows the optical (visible) part of the Electromagnetic Spectrum and infrared (if you could see it) would be located just beyond the red side of the rainbow.
Ultraviolet light (UV) is an invisible light that is part of the sun's radiant spectrum. Exposure to ultraviolet light can cause the lenses of the eye to become cloudy, causing cataracts among many other conditions. Ultraviolet light causes the eye to age faster, thus can also cause macular degeneration. You can't see ultraviolet light. It affects the eye without your awareness to its being there, and the effects are cumulative. Almost everything in nature is affected by UV light, and almost everything deteriorates because of it. Not all sunglass lenses block all of the UV light, but the lens we recommend most is a polarized sunglass lens for sunglasses and polycarbonate lenses for dress wear.
Infrared (IR) is an invisible electromagnetic radiation that has a longer wavelength than visible light and is detected most often by its heating effect. Part of the discomfort you feel in your eyes after being out in the sun for a while is caused by IR light. Not all sunglass lenses block all of the UV light, but the lens we recommend most is a polarized sunglass lens for sunglasses and polycarbonate lenses for dress wear. Although infrared radiation is not visible, humans can sense it - as heat. Put your hand next to a hot oven if you want to experience infrared radiation "first-hand!”
A.Both are eye doctors that diagnose and treat many of the same eye conditions. The American Optometric Association defines Doctors of Optometry as: primary health care professionals who examine, diagnose, treat and manage diseases and disorders of the visual system, the eye and associated structures as well as diagnose related systemic conditions. They prescribe glasses, contact lenses, low vision rehabilitation, vision therapy and medications as well as perform certain surgical procedures.
The main difference between the two, is that ophthalmologists perform surgery, where an optometrist would not, preferring to specialize in eye examinations, as well as eyeglass and contact lens-related services.
Optometrists would be involved in all of the pre- and post-operative care of these patients; collecting accurate data, educating the patient, and insuring proper healing after the procedure. An ophthalmologist is more of a medical-related specialist, who would need only to be involved if some kind of surgery were being considered. An optometrist can treat most any eye condition, including the use of topical or oral medications if needed. This might include the treatment of glaucoma, eye infections, allergic eye conditions and others, to name just a few.
A third "O" that often is overlooked is the optician. An optician is not a doctor, and they cannot examine your eye under their own license. However, a highly trained optician plays an indispensable role in the most successful eye doctors' offices. An optician most often handles the optical, contact lens, and glasses side of things. Based on their vast knowledge of lenses, lens technology and frames, they manufacture eyeglasses, as well as assist in the selection of eyewear, based on the requirements of each individual patient.
Contact Lenses FAQ
A. With the newest contact lens designs and materials available today, our doctors are able to fit patients who may not have had success wearing contact lenses in the past. Whether due to poor vision, astigmatism, comfort issues, or dry eyes there are many more choices in contact lens materials to meet those challenges.
A. There are several types of contact lenses but only a thorough examination of your eyes AND your lifestyle will reveal the answer. A few examples of contact lenses are:
Daily Disposables
The shortest replacement schedule is single use (daily disposable) lenses, which are disposed of each night. These may be best for patients with ocular allergies or other conditions because it limits deposits of antigens and protein. Single use lenses are also useful for people who use contacts infrequently, or for purposes (e.g., swimming or other sporting activities) where losing a lens is likely.
Two-Week Replacement Disposables
The main advantage of wearing disposable lenses is that you put a fresh pair of lenses in your eyes every two weeks. Another advantage is ease of care with multipurpose solutions.
One-Month Replacement Disposables
Similar to two-week replacement lenses but you throw them out every 30 days.
Conventional Contact Lenses
These are the original soft contact lenses. It is recommended these lenses be replaced on a yearly basis. Conventional lenses are more care intensive than disposable lenses.
Colour Contact Lenses
Certain soft contact lenses come in colours to either enhance your eye colour or completely change it.
Toric for Astigmatism
Toric lenses are made from the same materials as regular contact lenses but have a few extra characteristics:
They correct for both spherical and cylindrical aberration.
They may have a specific 'top' and 'bottom,' as they are not symmetrical around their center and must not be rotated. Lenses must be designed to maintain their orientation regardless of eye movement. Often lenses are thicker at the bottom and this thicker zone is pushed down by the upper eyelid during blinking to allow the lens to rotate into the correct position (with this thicker zone at the 6 o'clock position on the eye). Toric lenses are usually marked with tiny striations to assist their fitting.
They are usually more expensive to produce than non-toric lenses
Bifocal Contact Lenses
Multifocal soft contact lenses are more complex to manufacture and require more skill to fit. All soft bifocal contact lenses are considered "simultaneous vision" because both far and near vision corrections are presented simultaneously to the retina, regardless of the position of the eye. Of course, only one correction is correct; the incorrect correction causes blur. Commonly these are designed with distance correction in the center of the lens and near correction in the periphery, or vice versa.
A. In an initial exam, the eye doctor will examine your eyes to determine if you can wear contact lenses. Your prescription and the curvature of your eye are measured and the doctor will discuss any special needs you may have. The doctor will then determine the type of contact lenses that best fit your eyes and provide you with the most accurate vision while ensuring that your eyes remain healthy with the lenses. If trial lenses are available in the office, you may be able to go home with lenses the same day. However, if your prescription or curvature warrant, contact lenses may need to be ordered and a contact lens fitting appointment scheduled when the lenses arrive.
A. When the lenses are ready, a fitting examination is scheduled as a practice session for you to try your new lenses and to become adept at lens insertion and removal. The doctor will also look at the lenses on your eyes and determine if any changes need to be made. If the lenses fit well and you are seeing well with them, a check-up exam is scheduled one week after the practice session. If new lenses are ordered, we will schedule a dispensing appointment when those lenses arrive.
A. Seeing 20/20 isn’t the only reason for a contact lens exam. Since the eye is a sensitive organ, it is susceptible to irritations that may be caused by contact lens wear. Problems that are undetectable to you can develop into more serious conditions. It is vital to your eye health to make sure that your contact lenses fit properly and are allowing enough oxygen to reach the cells of the cornea. During the annual contact lens exam, your eye care professional evaluates the condition of the lenses and can tell if any changes are warranted in the lenses’ fitting.
A. There are two main reasons why you should not swim or shower with your contact lenses – possible loss of the lenses and, most importantly, contamination of the lenses. Underwater, contact lenses may be washed out of your eye, or above water a small wave or splash may take the lens with it. Contact lenses, especially the soft variety, will absorb any chemicals or germs in the water. They will then stay in or on the lens for several hours, irritating the eyes and possibly causing infection.
A. The deciding factor for whether a child should wear contact lenses should be that child’s maturity level. Children of all ages can tolerate contact lenses well, but they must be responsible for the care of the lenses. Parents should make that judgment based on the child’s personal hygiene habits and their ability to perform household chores.
A. “Hard” Lenses
These lenses were the original contact lenses made several decades ago from a plastic called PMMA. For a long time they were the only kind of lens but they are seldom used anymore as they have several drawbacks and have been superseded by “rigid” lenses. Rigid, or gas permeable, lenses are similar to hard lenses in design and appearance, however as the name suggests, however, the material they are made of is permeable to gases.
“Soft” Lenses
Soft lenses are slightly larger and more flexible than rigid or hard lenses. Soft lenses are made of materials which soak up water, and it is this uptake of water that allows oxygen to transfer to the cornea. Soft lens material itself is impermeable, so the oxygen is transmitted via the water.
A. In order to maintain optimal eye health and comfort, it is important to adhere to the wearing schedule prescribed by your doctor.
A. The two-week timeframe refers to 14 days of wear. If you are wearing lenses only two to three days per week, the lenses may last longer than two weeks.
A. Extended lens wearers may have an increased risk for corneal infections and corneal ulcers, primarily due to poor care and cleaning of the lenses, tear film instability, and bacterial stagnation. Corneal neovascularization has historically been a common complication of extended lens wear, though this does not appear to be a problem with silicone hydrogel extended wear. The most common complication of extended lens use is conjunctivitis, usually allergic or giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC), sometimes associated with a poorly fitting contact lens.
Varilux® FAQ
A. Vision changes occur naturally as you age. When you reach your 40s, focusing at close range becomes difficult. This is a natural part of the aging process caused by a gradual hardening of the eye’s crystalline lens, reducing its ability to change shape and focus. This condition is called Presbyopia.
A. Progressive addition lenses feature a continuous, clear field of vision from distances, through the intermediate ranges, to nearby without the use of annoying bifocal lines. Bifocal lenses use very old technology. Abrupt and awkward changes between distance and near prescriptions are separated by annoying lines that can be frustrating to wear.
A. Varilux® has conducted extensive clinical research, the result of which has produced a lens offering all presbyopes naturally comfortable vision never before achieved with a progressive lens. With over 100 million pairs sold, the unique triple-patented Varilux® lens is the brand that is widely prescribed by eye care professionals and trusted by millions of satisfied wearer.
A. Anyone who has presbyopia, including current bifocal and trifocal wearers.
A. Most individuals will learn to use their Varilux® lenses right away. Others may take a bit longer to become completely comfortable. Your eye care professional should be made aware of any extended adaptation period. A "fine-tuning" frame adjustment may be all that is necessary to assist in this initial period.
A. Varilux® lenses are available in a variety of different materials that will reduce both thickness and weight. Smaller frames also reduce lens thickness and weight. Your eye care professional will consider prescription, frame size, and your individual lifestyle as factors in helping you decide which lens material will be best for you.
A. Yes. There are many combinations of additional lens options that can be customized into your lenses to better fit your lifestyle, as well as offer you vision clarity, comfort and protection.
A. Warranties on Varilux® lenses may vary among eye care professionals. It is important to understand warranties available to you from the eye care professional you plan to purchase your lenses from. Please contact us for details on our warranty of your Varilux® lenses.
A. In addition to the information provided here, and elsewhere on this website, we are an excellent source of information about Varilux® lenses and their specific applications to your individual prescription and lifestyle.
Glaucoma FAQ
A. Glaucoma is the term for a diverse group of eye diseases, all of which involve progressive damage to the optic nerve. Glaucoma is usually, but not always, accompanied by high intraocular (internal) fluid pressure. Optic nerve damage produces certain characteristic defects in the individual’s peripheral (side) vision or visual field.
A. There are three basic types: Primary, Secondary and Congenital Glaucoma.
Primary Glaucoma is the most common type and can be divided into open-angle and closed-angle Glaucoma.
Open-Angle Glaucoma is the type seen frequently in North America. It is usually detected in its early stages during routine eye examinations.
Closed-Angle Glaucoma, also called acute Glaucoma, usually has a sudden onset. It is characterized by eye pain and blurred vision.
Secondary Glaucoma occurs as a complication of a variety of other conditions, such as injury, inflammation, vascular disease and diabetes.
Congenital Glaucoma is due to a developmental defect in the eye’s drainage mechanism.
A. Early detection of open-angle glaucoma is extremely important because there are no early symptoms. Fortunately, routine eye exams are a major factor in early detection. People with a family history of glaucoma should be checked at intervals in their 30s to establish a baseline. Initially, detection is often based on intraocular pressure readings, but also includes observation of the optic nerve as well as evaluation of optic nerve function using visual field tests.
A. When medication and laser surgery fail to control progression of glaucoma, a surgical procedure known as a filtering operation is recommended to create an artificial outlet for fluid from the eye, thus lowering intraocular pressure. Requiring use of an operating microscope and a local anesthetic, this procedure is performed in the hospital. If such a procedure is not feasible or has failed, production of aqueous fluid may be reduced by freezing (cryoprobe) or laser energy directly applied to the eyeball over the area where the fluid is produced.
An advice concerning glaucoma is to keep in mind the importance of early detection through routine eye examination, faithful use of prescribed medications, and close monitoring by an eye doctor of the optic nerve, visual fields and pressures.
A. Between 89,000 and 120,000 people are blind from glaucoma yearly. It is a leading cause of blindness, accounting for between nine and 12 percent of all cases of blindness. The rate of blindness from glaucoma is between 93 and 126 per 100,000 of the population over 40. Between two million and three million Americans age 40 and over, or about one in every 30 people in that age group have glaucoma. This includes at least one half of all those who have glaucoma who are unaware of it.
A. In the vast majority of cases, especially in early stages, there are few signs or symptoms. In the later stages of the disease, symptoms can occur that include:
Loss of side vision
An inability to adjust the eye to darkened rooms
Difficulty focusing on close work
Rainbow-coloured rings or halos around lights
Frequent need to change eyeglass prescriptions
A. Not yet. Any sight that has been destroyed cannot be restored, but medical and surgical treatment can help stop the disease from progressing.
A. Not yet, but blindness from glaucoma can be prevented through early detection and appropriate treatment.
A. A number of risk factors for the development of glaucoma exist. The most important of these include high pressure inside the eye, advanced age, extreme near-sightedness or a family history of glaucoma.
A. Have annual eye exams. See us immediately if you notice any symptoms or any decline in your vision.
Cataracts FAQ
A. A cataract is the clouding of the crystalline lens in your eye. This opacity obstructs the passage of light resulting in a reduction of clear vision. Normally, light passes through the clear lens and is focused onto the retina. However, the natural aging process can cause the lens to become cloudy or milky. The cataract blocks the passage of light through the eye and causes distorted or blurred vision, glare or difficulty seeing in poor lighting conditions. There are three types of cataracts:
A nuclear cataract forms in the lens. Those over 65 are more prone to develop this type of cataract. More than half of all Americans over the age of 65 will develop a cataract.
A cortical cataract forms in the lens then grows from the outside to the center of the lens. Diabetics are more prone to develop this type of cataract.
A subcapsular cataract forms in the back of the lens. Those with diabetes, high hyperopia (Far-sightedness) or retinitis pigmentosa may be at a higher risk to develop this type of cataract.
A. You may not notice a slight change in your vision, as cataract starts out very tiny, but as it grows from the size of a pinhead, you may notice that your vision is becoming blurry, and you may feel as if you are looking through dirty eyeglasses. Object edges may appear to fade into one another and colors may not appear as bright as they should. The most common symptoms of a cataract are:
Cloudy or blurry vision
Problems with light, such as headlights that seem too bright, glare from lamps or very bright sunlight
Colours that seem faded
Poor night vision
Double or multiple vision
Frequent changes in glasses or contact lenses
Optical aids such as eyeglasses or contact lenses are no longer effective
A. Cataract surgery is a selective and successful solution to restoring vision when the cataracts seriously impair your vision and affect your daily life. Cataract surgery is one of the most frequently performed surgeries in North America, with millions of surgeries done each year. Cataract surgery is a routine and relatively painless procedure.
Cataract surgery is generally performed on an outpatient basis. You will not need to be hospitalized or put to sleep for your doctor to perform your surgery. The procedure normally takes less than 15 minutes and you can return home shortly after your procedure. Most people will enjoy improved vision by the day after surgery or within a few days following the procedure.
To begin, your surgeon will administer a light sedative which will relax your nerves and keep you comfortable during the procedure. Anesthetic eye drops will be used to completely numb the eye. The entire procedure is performed through an incision that is smaller than 1/8 of an inch and does not require stitches to heal.
Once the cataract is removed, an intra-ocular lens (IOL) is placed where the cataract lens was removed, to restore your sight. Most patients will not require an eye patch and will not have any discomfort. Most patients can return to their normal daily routines; including reading, driving and exercise, the day after surgery.
A. It is not completely known why cataracts occur in all instances but studies on the cause of cataracts will soon teach us how to more successfully treat and prevent them. The most commonly known type of cataract is age-related. Ultraviolet light is a known catalyst for the formation of cataracts, so we recommend wearing 100% UV blocking sunglasses which will lessen your exposure over time. Other studies point to people with diabetes as a higher risk group for cataract development than those who do not suffer from diabetes. Cigarettes, air pollution, heavy drug usage and severe alcohol consumption may also contribute to your chances of developing cataracts.
A. Any patient who can undergo a thorough eye examination can undergo surgery if the procedure is performed with topical anesthetic-drops alone.
A. Fortunately, cataracts are not life threatening so most people have plenty of time to decide about cataract surgery. However, we cannot make your decision for you, but talking with us can help in your decision. Together, we can ascertain how your cataract affects your vision and your life. If any of the below applies to you, then please contact us for a consultation.
I need to drive, but I see too much glare from the sun or headlights.
I do not see well enough to do my best at work.
I do not see well enough to do the things I need to do at home.
I have trouble trying to read, watch TV, sew, play cards, etc.
I am afraid I will bump into something or fall.
Because of my cataract, I am not as independent as I desire.
My glasses do not help me see well enough.
My eyesight interferes with many of my daily functions.
You may also have other specific problems that we will discuss with you.
A. Most people who have a cataract recover from surgery with no problems and improved vision. This type of surgery has a success rate of 98 percent in patients with otherwise healthy eyes. If you have a cataract in both eyes, we believe it is best to wait until your first eye heals before having surgery on the second eye. If the eye that has a cataract is your only working eye, we will carefully weigh the benefits and risks of cataract surgery.
You will be able to make the right decision for yourself if you know the facts. We are more than happy to explain anything you do not understand. There is no such thing as a "dumb" question when it comes to your health.
A. We will require that you have someone drive you home following your procedure. However, you may drive when you feel comfortable enough to drive safely, possibly the next day.
A. No. We typically demonstrate to the patients that they can bend over immediately after surgery, pick up 20-30 pounds and shower, provided they don't get water into their operative eye. We do ask that they wear an eye shield at bedtime for the first few weeks after surgery so they do not inadvertently rub the eye during sleep. Typical follow-up evaluations are scheduled at 1 day, 1 week, 3 weeks and 6 weeks with glasses being prescribed between the third and sixth-week visit.
A. The treatment itself is painless. We will place a few numbing drops in your eye(s) to make you more comfortable.
A. We will discuss in detail your options before choosing a suitable technique for your surgery. We will also explain how to prepare for surgery and how to take care of yourself after it is over. Cataract surgery is outpatient. You do not need to stay overnight in a hospital. However, you will need a friend or family member to take you home. You may need someone to stay with you for a day to help you follow your doctor's instructions. With modern cataract surgery, most patients have fast visual recovery. Some patients are even able to drive themselves to see a doctor for follow-up the day after surgery. Remember that the follow-up is very important. We will thoroughly check your progress and make sure you have the care you need until your eye recovers fully.
A. You may need glasses or other corrective lenses after the procedure on a temporary or permanent basis. Cataract surgery will not prevent, and may unmask, the need for reading glasses.
Dry Eye FAQ
A. In medical terms, dry eye is lovingly known as "KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA". The tear film consists of three layers: A superficial lipid (oily) layer which decreases evaporation, a middle aqueous layer which contributes 90% of the tear film and a deep mucin layer, which facilitates spreading of the tears over the cornea.
A. Treatment for KCS involves three essential components:
Stimulation of tear production. Tear production is best stimulated by the topical administration of drops or ointments to the eyes. Usually 4-6 weeks (sometimes longer) is required for tear production to improve. Usually treatment must be continued for life to maintain tear production, but it is possible in some cases to reduce usage. This is especially true if KCS is detected early before severe drying is present.
Control of ocular inflammation and infection through the topical application of an antibiotic-steroid preparation. Occasionally antibiotics may be given orally.
Tear replacement until return of normal tear secretion.
A. Yes. As odd as it sounds, many dry eye sufferers experience “wet eyes” due to the tear glands overproducing watery or reflex tears to compensate for lack of a balanced tear film.
A. During reading and TV or computer viewing, the rate of eyelids blinking reduces significantly. This causes the tear film to evaporate, leading to dryness of the eyes. This may happen in some people, especially more when they are tired or have spent long hours watching TV or computers. Computer users tend to blink much less frequently (about 7 times per minute vs. a normal rate of around 22 times per minute).
This leads to increased evaporation, along with the fatigue and eye strain associated with staring at a computer monitor. Ideally, computer users should take short breaks about every 20 minutes to reduce this factor. Also, adjusting the monitor so that it is below eye level will allow the upper lid to be positioned lower and cover more of the eye’s surface, again to reduce evaporation.
A. Climatic conditions are a very significant contributor to dry eyes. Blepharitis can often cause dry eye symptoms due to inflammation of the eyelid margins, which is caused by a bacterial infection (Staphylococci). This condition can compromise the quality of the tear film causing tears to evaporate more quickly. The bacteria produce waste material that can cause a mild toxic reaction leading to chronic red, irritated eyes. LASIK surgery temporarily disrupts the ocular surface/lacrimal gland unit. This condition usually eventually clears up.
Diseases that may be associated with dry eyes include Rheumatoid Arthritis, Diabetes (especially when the blood sugar is up), Asthma, Thyroid disease (lower lid does not move when blinking), Lupus and possibly Glaucoma.
Age - Tear volume decreases as much as 60% by age 65 from that at age 18. Dry Eye Syndrome affects 75% of people over age 65.
Hormonal changes for women can cause decreased tear production brought on by pregnancy, lactation, menstruation and post-menopause.
Dust, Pollen and Tobacco – When tear production decreases, dust and pollen stay in the eye longer and are more likely to stimulate an allergic response. In addition, anything that makes an eye more irritated, including dry eye, will make an eye more sensitive to environmental irritants such as tobacco smoke.
Other - Too much coffee drinking, smoking, wearing contact lenses, air-conditioning or heat.
A. People with dry eyes have sandy-gritty irritation or burning in their eyes. Initially, people may have symptoms only after particularly long days, when driving, with contact lens wear or when exposed to extremely dry environments such as that seen in airplane cabins. Eventually, symptoms become more consistent, and if someone has sandy-gritty irritation or burning that gets worse as the day goes on, and if they have had these symptoms for more than a few days, dry eyes should be ruled out by an eye doctor. We will review your history and examine your eyes to make sure you do not have any other problems and determine the cause for your dry eyes.
A. Dry Eye Syndrome does not truly come and go, but in the early stages of the condition, or with mild dry eyes, you may only have symptoms after long days or with environmental conditions that decrease your blink rate (i.e. computer use) or under conditions that increase evaporation from your tear film (i.e. wind, dry air, etc.). Some patients may notice discomfort only when they wear their contact lenses. Some people may develop symptoms only when they are dehydrated – just like your mouth becomes dry, your eyes can become dry in this way.
Some patients may notice discomfort only when they wear their contact lenses. Some people may develop symptoms only when they are dehydrated--just like your mouth becomes dry, your eyes can become dry in this way.
A. If untreated, dry eyes can progress to a more irritable, troublesome condition called chronic conjunctivitis. It can cause considerable trouble, and dry eyes can lead to loss of sight due to corneal scarring, so delaying treatment is not recommended.
A. When patients experience corneal scarring from dry eyes, sight may be restored by corneal transplants. However, the original cause of the scarring should be addressed to prevent a recurrence of vision loss. Research and development of human corneal skin grafts to repair severe corneal damage are of great interest to us.
A. Have annual eye exams. See us immediately if you notice dry eye symptoms or any decline in your vision.